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10:00 AM – 6:00 PM to support you with urgent concerns and guide you toward the right care.
Understand COVID-19 symptoms, risks, and prevention for babies and children in India. Learn what parents need to know about protecting their little ones from the virus.
The novel coronavirus, known as SARS-CoV-2, and the illness it causes, COVID-19, have impacted families worldwide. As parents, understanding how this virus affects our little ones, especially babies and children, is paramount. While much research is ongoing, we've gathered what's currently known about COVID-19 in infants and young children, tailored for a reader in India.
It's important to remember that our understanding of this virus is constantly evolving. The information here reflects what was known as of summer 2020, and newer findings are emerging regularly. However, the fundamental advice for protecting your child remains consistent.
As of mid-2020, the exact prevalence of coronavirus in children was still being determined. However, reports indicated that children accounted for a relatively small percentage of total known infections in many regions. For instance, in some U.S. states, children made up around 8.4 percent of reported cases. While this sounds significant, it's crucial to compare it with the overall number of cases.
Fortunately, the available data suggested that severe illness from COVID-19 was uncommon in children. In a large dataset from several U.S. states, only a small fraction of children with COVID-19 required hospitalization (0.6% to 9%). Even more reassuringly, the mortality rate among children was very low, with deaths occurring in 0% to 0.3% of known pediatric cases.
The transmission of COVID-19 from mother to baby is an area of active research. Studies have shown that a small percentage of newborns (around 2% to 5%) may test positive for COVID-19 within the first few days after birth if their mother also has the virus. It's not always clear whether the infection is contracted during delivery or after birth.
In a small study conducted in China in early 2020, three out of 33 babies born to mothers with COVID-19 tested positive. These mothers had symptoms like pneumonia and delivered via C-section. All three infants developed symptoms, and one required breathing support shortly after birth. This highlights that while rare, newborns can be affected.
If a baby tests positive at birth, or within the initial days, several steps may be taken:
The presentation of COVID-19 can vary significantly between adults and children. Generally, babies and children tend to experience milder symptoms than adults, and some may even be asymptomatic (have no symptoms at all).
Common symptoms observed in children and babies can include:
In some newborn babies, particularly those with tiny airways and developing immune systems, more severe symptoms can occur. These might include:
It's important to note that these symptoms can overlap with other common childhood illnesses, such as the flu or the common cold. Therefore, it's essential to consult a doctor for an accurate diagnosis.
Scientists are still investigating why children often have milder or no symptoms. One theory suggests that children might have a naturally stronger immunity to this particular coronavirus. Having encountered and fought off numerous common colds (some of which are related to this virus) may have equipped their immune systems with cells that can effectively target SARS-CoV-2.
However, this doesn't fully explain why newborns might be asymptomatic. The developing immune system of a newborn is quite different, and more research is needed to understand their specific response to the virus.
The prognosis for most babies and children diagnosed with COVID-19 is generally good. As mentioned, severe illness is uncommon, and recovery is often swift. However, it's important to be aware of potential complications, especially in infants or those with underlying health conditions.
If you suspect your baby or child has symptoms of COVID-19, the first and most important step is to contact your pediatrician or doctor immediately. Do not wait to see if symptoms worsen.
Your doctor will guide you on the next steps, which may include:
A real-life scenario: Priya noticed her 1-year-old son, Rohan, had a mild cough and seemed more tired than usual. She also noticed he was a bit fussy during feeding. Worried about the rising COVID-19 cases in her neighbourhood in Mumbai, she immediately called her paediatrician. The doctor advised her to monitor Rohan closely, keep him hydrated, and schedule a telehealth consultation if his fever spiked or breathing changed.
While most children experience mild illness, certain factors can increase the risk of more severe COVID-19 symptoms. These include:
If your child has any of these conditions, it is especially important to be vigilant and communicate closely with their doctor.
Protecting your little ones from COVID-19 involves adopting similar preventive measures recommended for adults, with a focus on practicality for families in India:
Seek immediate medical attention if your baby or child experiences any of the following emergency warning signs:
Always err on the side of caution. If you are concerned about your child's health, contact your doctor or seek emergency care without delay.
While it's possible, transmission from mother to baby during pregnancy (prenatal) is thought to be rare. Most cases of newborns testing positive occur around the time of birth or shortly after.
Yes, breastfeeding is generally considered safe. The benefits of breastfeeding outweigh the potential risk of transmission, which is thought to be low. However, it's recommended to practice good hygiene, such as washing hands before touching the baby and wearing a mask while breastfeeding, if possible. Consult your doctor for personalized advice.
Research on the long-term effects of COVID-19 in children is still evolving. While most children recover fully, some may experience prolonged symptoms, sometimes referred to as 'Long COVID'. This is an area of active study, and doctors are closely monitoring children who have had the virus.
Most people do not notice early warning signs right away. That is common. A simple symptom diary, basic routine checks, and timely follow-up visits can prevent small problems from becoming serious.
If you are already on treatment, stay consistent with medicines and lifestyle advice. If your symptoms change, do not guess. Check with a qualified doctor and update your plan early.
Write down symptoms, triggers, and timing for a few days.
Carry old prescriptions and test reports to your consultation.
Ask clearly about side effects, red-flag signs, and follow-up dates.
Seek urgent care for severe pain, breathing trouble, bleeding, fainting, or sudden worsening.
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